Reviewed by medical experts • For informational purposes only
Inherited X-linked enzyme gene variants cause G6PD deficiency; triggers such as fava beans, some drugs and infections set off red cell breakdown.
G6PD deficiency is an inherited condition. It is caused by a change (variant) in the gene that makes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that protects red blood cells from damage by oxidising substances. Without enough of this enzyme, red blood cells can break down (haemolysis) when they are stressed.
How it is inherited
Who is more affected
G6PD deficiency is among the most common inherited enzyme conditions worldwide. It is more frequent in people with African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and South and South-East Asian ancestry, and is found in certain communities in India. Carrying the variant offers some protection against malaria, which is why it is common where malaria occurs.
What triggers a problem
Having the deficiency does not mean you are always unwell. Most people have no symptoms until a trigger causes red cells to break down. Common triggers:
The Ayurvedic view
Ayurveda has no matching description of this enzyme condition. Conditions with pallor and yellowness, such as pandu and kamala, are sometimes compared with it, but this is a loose, interpretive comparison and does not explain the cause.
Why it matters
Knowing you have it lets you and your doctors avoid triggers and prevent serious episodes.
Written By
Dr. Daksh
BDS
Reviewed By
Dr. Varun Gupta
MD Pharmacology, MBBS
Last updated on
27 Sep 2022 • 06:23 PM (IST)
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G6PD deficiency types are grouped by enzyme activity into WHO classes I to V, with common variants and carrier states explained.
G6PD deficiency does not progress in stages; this page explains baseline, trigger, haemolysis and recovery phases, and testing timing.
Preventing G6PD crises means avoiding triggers, newborn and family screening, telling every doctor, and treating infections early.
Some medicines and household products can trigger G6PD haemolysis. Which to avoid, safer choices, and why to ask a doctor first.
G6PD deficiency diet: avoid fava beans, eat balanced meals, check labels and supplements, and know no food or herb cures the condition.
G6PD deficiency cannot be cured; care focuses on trigger avoidance, treating haemolysis, transfusion if needed, and newborn jaundice care.
