Prevention of rheumatoid arthritis

There is no sure way to prevent rheumatoid arthritis, since part of the risk is genetic. You can, however, reduce some risk factors and lower the chance of severe disease or complications.

Do not smoke Smoking is the strongest modifiable risk factor for developing RA, and it also makes the disease worse and reduces response to treatment. Avoid second-hand smoke as well.

Keep a healthy weight Obesity is linked to higher risk and more active disease. Regular activity and a balanced diet help.

Eat well and stay active A diet rich in vegetables, fruit, whole grains and fish, and regular exercise, supports general health and immune balance.

Look after your gums and general health Gum disease has been linked with RA in research, so brush, floss and have regular dental checks. This is a possible association, not a proven cause.

Know your family risk If a close relative has RA, watch for early symptoms such as swollen joints and long morning stiffness, and see a doctor early.

Prevent flares and complications

• Take prescribed medicine regularly.
• Get recommended vaccines, such as flu and pneumococcal.
• Protect bones with calcium, vitamin D and weight-bearing exercise.
• Have heart health checked, since RA raises cardiovascular risk.
• Manage stress and sleep.

Traditional advice stresses regular meals, avoiding heavy and cold foods and staying active, which overlaps with sensible lifestyle habits. These ideas have not been shown to prevent RA.