Types of otitis media

Doctors classify otitis media by duration and by whether the eardrum is intact.

Acute otitis media (AOM)

A sudden infection of the middle ear lasting less than 3 weeks. It causes pain, a bulging red eardrum and often fever.

Otitis media with effusion (OME)

Fluid stays behind the eardrum without signs of acute infection. It is often called "glue ear" and can cause temporary hearing loss. It often follows an acute infection or cold and may clear on its own within about 3 months.

Recurrent acute otitis media

Three or more episodes in 6 months or four or more in a year.

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)

Ear discharge through a perforated eardrum lasting more than 6 to 12 weeks. It is more common where hygiene, nutrition and access to care are limited.

Chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma

A skin-like growth in the middle ear that can damage the ear bones and nearby structures. It needs specialist assessment and usually surgery.

Ayurvedic view

Ayurveda uses terms such as Karnashula and Puyasrava (pus discharge) and groups ear disorders by dosha. This is an interpretive framework and does not match modern types exactly.

See a doctor if discharge continues for more than two weeks or hearing seems reduced after an infection.

When to get help

See a doctor or ENT clinic if ear pain, discharge or hearing change does not settle in a couple of days, if infections keep coming back, or if you are unsure about any medicine or drop. Early assessment protects hearing and helps avoid unnecessary treatment.

Remember

The type decides treatment. Some need watchful waiting, others need antibiotics, drops or surgery.