Diet and Food Guidance for Goiter

Diet matters most when a goiter is caused by iodine deficiency. In other causes, food supports health but does not shrink the goiter.

Iodine: the right amount

• Use iodised salt in normal amounts
• Iodine also comes from milk and dairy, eggs and fish
• Adults need about 150 micrograms a day, and more in pregnancy and breastfeeding, as advised by a doctor
• Too much iodine (kelp, seaweed tablets, some tonics) can cause or worsen thyroid disease, so avoid supplements unless advised

Other helpful nutrients

• Selenium: Brazil nuts, eggs, fish and whole grains in normal food amounts
• Iron and vitamin D: need checking in some people
• Protein and fibre: pulses, vegetables and whole grains

Foods to take care with

• Raw cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and soy in very large amounts may interfere with iodine use, but normal cooked servings are usually fine
• Take levothyroxine with water on an empty stomach, and keep a gap of 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast. Calcium, iron and some supplements should be taken a few hours apart.

Weight

Hypothyroidism can raise weight slightly. A balanced diet and regular activity help.

Key point

Do not self-supplement iodine. Ask your doctor or dietitian, particularly in pregnancy.