What is neuropathy? (Introduction)

Neuropathy means damage or dysfunction of the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves). These nerves carry messages for feeling, movement and automatic body functions. When they are damaged, the messages become faulty or are lost.

What it can cause

• Numbness, tingling or burning, usually starting in the toes and feet
• Pain, which can be sharp, electric or burning
• Weakness and clumsiness
• Loss of balance
• Problems with digestion, blood pressure, sweating or bladder if automatic nerves are involved

Patterns

• Polyneuropathy: many nerves, often in both feet and hands
• Mononeuropathy: a single nerve, such as carpal tunnel syndrome
• Autonomic neuropathy: nerves that control internal organs

Common causes

Diabetes is the leading cause. Others are vitamin B12 deficiency, alcohol, kidney disease, thyroid disease, infections, autoimmune disease, some medicines, injury and inherited conditions. In some people, no cause is found.

Why early care matters

Nerves heal slowly. Treating the cause early can slow or stop damage. Numb feet can hide injuries and lead to infections and ulcers.

Ayurvedic view

Ayurveda describes nerve disorders under Vata conditions such as Vatavyadhi. This is an interpretive framework and does not replace medical diagnosis.