Reviewed by medical experts • For informational purposes only
GERD happens when stomach acid flows back into the food pipe. Causes include a weak valve, obesity, pregnancy and late meals.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens when stomach acid and contents flow back up into the food pipe (oesophagus) often enough to cause symptoms or damage. Occasional reflux is normal. GERD is reflux that is frequent or troublesome.
The main mechanism
A ring of muscle at the lower end of the food pipe, the lower oesophageal sphincter, normally acts as a valve. In GERD it relaxes at the wrong times or is weak, so acid escapes upwards.
Common causes and contributors
Foods that trigger symptoms in some people
Fried and spicy food, chocolate, tea, coffee, fizzy drinks, citrus, tomato and mint. Triggers vary, and they worsen reflux rather than being the root cause.
Ayurvedic view
Ayurveda discusses these symptoms under Amlapitta, with aggravated Pitta and weak digestive fire. This is an interpretive framework with limited evidence.
Key point
Most causes can be improved with weight loss, meal timing and stopping smoking. Chest pain should never be assumed to be reflux without a medical check.
Written By
Dr. Daksh
BDS
Reviewed By
Dr. Varun Gupta
MD Pharmacology, MBBS
Last updated on
27 Sep 2022 • 06:23 PM (IST)
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GERD can be non-erosive, erosive or Barrett's, with typical or throat-related symptoms. Learn how the types differ.
Prevent GERD flares with a healthy weight, smaller meals, early dinner, no smoking and limiting personal triggers.
GERD medicines include antacids, alginates, H2 blockers and PPIs. A doctor should guide dose and duration.
GERD can progress from occasional reflux to oesophagitis and complications. Early care and review lower the risk.
GERD causes heartburn and sour regurgitation. Chest pain with sweating or breathlessness is an emergency, not reflux.
A GERD diet limits fried food, fizzy drinks and late meals and favours smaller, regular meals. Triggers vary by person.
